ADHD and Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Understanding the 3 Distinct Connections

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a familiar term for many women, but for those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the experience can be even more challenging. Recent research, such as the study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research in 2021, has shed light on the connection between ADHD and an increased risk of experiencing severe PMS or Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD).

The Role of Hormones in PMS and ADHD

To understand how ADHD can exacerbate PMS, it's essential to grasp the roles of oestrogen and progesterone in the female body. These hormones play a central role in regulating the menstrual cycle, and their fluctuations can profoundly affect mood, cognition, and behaviour.

oestrogen: oestrogen levels rise during the first half of the menstrual cycle, promoting a sense of well-being and improved mood. This hormone is known to increase serotonin, a neurotransmitter associated with feelings of happiness and contentment. However, in women with ADHD, this may not provide the same mood-stabilizing effects due to the unique neurochemistry associated with the disorder.
Progesterone: Progesterone levels increase in the second half of the menstrual cycle, following ovulation. This hormone can exacerbate ADHD symptoms, such as inattention, impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation, as it competes with dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial for attention and focus, in the brain.

Histamine and ADHD

Histamine, commonly associated with allergies, also plays a role in PMS. It is involved in regulating the menstrual cycle and can affect mood. In ADHD women, who often have higher histamine levels, the interaction between histamine and hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle can worsen PMS symptoms.

Histamine and ADHD: Research has suggested that individuals with ADHD may have an overactive histaminergic system. This can lead to increased sensitivity to histamine, potentially intensifying PMS symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, and mood swings.

Serotonin and ADHD

Serotonin, the "feel-good" neurotransmitter, is intricately linked to mood regulation. Estrogen's influence on serotonin levels is well-documented, and when this delicate balance is disrupted in women with ADHD, it can contribute to more severe PMS symptoms.

Serotonin and ADHD: Women with ADHD often have lower serotonin levels to begin with, which can lead to increased emotional sensitivity and impulsivity. The fluctuations in serotonin during the menstrual cycle can further destabilise mood and exacerbate PMS symptoms in those with ADHD.

Dopamine and ADHD

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter crucial for attention, motivation, and reward. In women with ADHD, the competition between progesterone and dopamine can exacerbate cognitive symptoms during PMS.

Dopamine and ADHD: Women with ADHD have reduced dopamine activity in certain brain regions, which can lead to difficulties with focus and attention. Progesterone, which rises during the second half of the menstrual cycle, can further suppress dopamine function, making it even more challenging to manage ADHD symptoms during PMS.

The study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research in 2021 found a significant increase in the prevalence of PMDD in women with ADHD. With 45.5% of ADHD women also experiencing PMDD compared to 28.7% in the general population, this highlights the complex relationship between ADHD and hormonal fluctuations.

The fluctuations in estrogen, progesterone, histamine, serotonin, and dopamine can combine to create a perfect storm of exacerbated PMS symptoms for women with ADHD. Understanding this connection is crucial for guiding naturopathic treatment, as it may inform more tailored treatment approaches for managing PMS and PMDD in individuals with ADHD. By addressing both the hormonal and neurological aspects of these conditions, we can offer more effective support and improved quality of life for women living with ADHD and experiencing the challenges of PMS.

Conclusion

The interplay between PMS and ADHD is multifaceted, involving hormonal fluctuations and neurotransmitter imbalances. Women with ADHD are more susceptible to severe PMS and PMDD symptoms due to these intricate connections.

By understanding these relationships and incorporating a naturopathic approach that considers both hormonal and neurological aspects, we can develop more effective strategies for managing these conditions.

A holistic approach involving nutritional support, lifestyle modifications, and personalised care can significantly improve the quality of life for women with ADHD facing the challenges of PMS. To learn more, click the link here!